Revolución Libertadora – or the Liberating Revolution –is the name by which the military dictatorship that ruled Argentina is known after overthrowing the constitutional president, Juan Domingo Perón, closing the National Congress, deposing the members of the Supreme Court, the provincial and municipal authorities and university and commissioning the entire Judicial Power through a coup that began on September 16, 1955 and that, after more than two years, transferred the government to President-elect Arturo Frondizi, on May 1, 1958, who would be overthrown in 1962.

Major General Eduardo Lonardi, leader of the coup, took office on September 23, 1955 and was replaced on November 13 by Pedro Eugenio Aramburu, through a palace coup. Both ruled as supreme authorities, claiming the title of President of the Nation.

This government is usually called the “Revolución Fusiladora” (Firing Squad Revolution) among Peronist sectors because of the military and civilians shot by order of the de facto president Pedro Eugenio Aramburu on the occasion of the attempted uprising led by General Juan José Valle. In less than 48 hours, civilians and soldiers were shot in Lanús, La Plata, José León Suárez, Campode Mayo, the Army Mechanics School and the National Penitentiary. By the night of June 11, 1956, those executed amounted to 16 soldiers and 13 civilians.

Aramburu repealed the current National Constitution by means of a military proclamation and replaced the constitutional text of 1853, with the reforms of 1860, 1866 and 1898. Shortly after, the regime organized under its control, through conditional elections, a Constituent Convention that validated the decision and added article 14 bis.