Based on diverse interpretations of the Real Ceduls (Royal Proclamations) by the Spanish monarchs of earlier centuries, the almost 200-year-old border dispute between Ecuador and Peru became one of the longest-running international armed conflicts in the Western hemisphere. Numerous attempts at a negotiated definition of the borders failed, and the two countries fought at least three wars in the 20th Century.

Drawing upon extensive research in the official archives of the Fuerza Aérea del Peru (FAP), and documentation from multiple private sources in Ecuador and Peru, ‘The Air Wars between Ecuador and Peru, Volume 2’ reconstructs the history of the air forces of both nations, and the little-known story of their brief, yet bitter clashes of early 1981.

Thanks to the availability of precise details from both parties to the conflict, the volume avoids the usual, biased and one-sided coverage of the conflict, while providing intricate details of the military build-up, capabilities and intentions of both air forces involved, their training, planning, and the conduct of combat operations.

Illustrated by more than 100 exclusive photographs, half a dozen maps and 15 authentic colour profiles, ‘Air Wars between Ecuador and Peru, Volume 2’ provides the first authoritative account of the air warfare between Ecuador and Peru in early 1981.